The Field Guide to Birders

             First of all, my bad: It's been awhile since my first post (ah, the joys of summer procrastination). I'll aim to make this a monthly blog - opt for the RSS feed to follow!

         In order to properly delve into the topic of birders, we first need to build our birder-watching identification skills. How do you tell the difference between a data-collecting ornithologist and a camera-wielding bird photographer? Can you spot which birder is just there to cross that "lifebird" (a species you've yet to see in your lifetime) off her list and which would stop to observe his hundredth cactus wren? (my own birder falls into the latter category.) Despite the seemingly discrete categories outlined here, the cultural anthropologist in me eschews such delineations in favor of a subjective, flexible understanding to human identities. (My fancy way of saying to you birders out there - I mean all this tongue-in-cheek!). Furthermore, these types tend to blend into one another: for instance, I have dabbled in Listing and Photographing, and will possibly one day graduate to a Retiree-birder (more a fear of impending fate than life ambition).

But before we get to these classic archetypes, let's explore some historic birder varieties (and in the process, imagine THEIR spouses and significant others!)

1. The Augur

(bible-history.com)

In the ancient world - particularly the Roman empire - these dudes (sorry ladies, this was -100 wave feminism) would study the behavior of birds to interpret the will of the gods. Different birds were associated with various omens, some positive and some negative. Eagles and vultures were popular for flight pattern observations, whereas owls, crows, ravens, and chickens were important for their different calls and vocalizations. Seems to me like a religious excuse for birding, no?
 Description: Male, characteristic long robes, high position within society
 Geographical Range: Ancient Rome and vicinity
 Status: Extinct (except, perhaps at the Renaissance Fair)


 




2. The Falconer

(Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons)

This individual, easily recognized by the falcon or hawk perched on his/her shoulder, trains birds of prey to help hunt and retrieve wild animals. Since ancient Mesopotamia, falconry has been an art form admired by many and requiring intensive training and skills. While the practice reached its peak in Europe in the 17th century, some falconers still exist today and use radio transmitters to keep track of their birds. Interestingly, in 2010 falconry was added to UNESCO's list of "intangible cultural heritage." (Birders: 1, Spouses: 0).
Description: Primarily male, bird poop on shoulder.
Geographical Range: All over the ancient and modern world.
Status: Endangered

3. The Pigeon Fancier

(Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-W0212-035 / Kaufhold, Reinhard / CC-BY-SA)

Throughout history, people have bred and kept pigeons for a variety of purposes, from wartime messengers to aerial competitors to aesthetic fancy. Pigeon Fanciers often build elaborate pens (see Jim Jarmusch's Ghost Dog) to house their birds. Famous pigeon keepers include Queen Elizabeth II, Nikola Tesla, and Pablo Picasso.
Description: Highly varied, but similarities in housing design to allow for bird flocks.
Geographical Range: Abundant throughout the world going back 10,000 years ago.
Status: Plentiful

* * * * *

 And now for a modern look at birding types. See if you recognize any signs in your own birder spouse!

4. The Photographer

(Photo by author)

This birder, easily spotted by the camera lens jutting out from the face, takes pride in procuring that "perfect shot" of a variety of birds. Rather than amassing a long list of never-before-seen birds, the photographer will often spend hours taking pictures of a single specimen from every possible angle. These folks often do not play nicely with other birder types, such as The Retiree animal lover (see below). Spouses of The Photographer can occasionally be spotted in the background of photos, eclipsed by an eagle wing or hauling a tripod.
Description: Varied, always toting camera with multiple lenses.
Geographical Range: Abundant all over.
Status: Plentiful, especially as camera technology becomes more advanced and equipment cheaper.


5. The Lister

(Wikimedia Commons)

Despite my reluctance to bird, I've realized in recent years that this is the closest I get to a birder. Listers have a sole mission: see every possible bird species in a given area and write them all down. They usually carry around field guides with pages in the back that allow for a tally mark next to each species seen, or alternatively, a checklist from a nearby Visitor Center listing all the birds in a particular national park or forest. Many other birder types, such as The Retiree or The Naturalist, resent The Listers myopic attitude towards bird watching.
Description: Characterized by a field guide or checklist in hand, as well as a pen or pencil. Moves quickly throughout a given area, rather than lingering on individual birds.
Geographical Range: Most abundant in parks, near Ranger's Stations where checklists are available.
Status: Invasive (Shout out to Stacy Rosenbaum).

6. The Retiree (aka Woman in Tennis Shoes)

(Wikimedia Commons)

The Retiree is committed to bird-watching as a hobby during old age. These men and women often travel in groups of several individuals, sharing field guides, stories of past birding adventures, and thoughts on species identification. They usually have little interest in either photography or scientific investigation, instead preferring to look at yet another LBJ (Little Brown Job, as birders refer to the many hard-to-identify small birds) for hours.
Description: Usually female, but not exclusively. Wears tennis shoes and comfortable clothing. Carries binoculars. Has gray hair.
Geographical Range: Abundant all over, but primarily seen in parks with easy accessibility for the elderly.
Status: Plentiful.

7. The Overly Precocious Child

(Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons)

If you encounter this young birder in the field, try to get away as quickly as possible. The Overly Precocious Child will lecture you on every bird in the area, with complete disregard to your interest or background knowledge. Often, though not always, has birder parent.
Description: Young, wears outdoor/safari gear, verbose.
Geographical Range: Abundant in urban parks and in areas where family vacations are common.
Status: Uncommon, but on the rise. 

8. The Twitcher 

(Bird Blind, Photo by Mick Garrett)

Twitchers, named after the nervous behavior of 20th century British birder Howard Medhurst, seek to add as many species to their lifetime list as humanly possible. This ambition brings them to far flung places. Importantly, they differ from other birder types in that they spend very little time with any particular individual bird, preferring instead to check it off a list and move on. Similar to The Lister, but with a longer-term goal to see every bird possible during their lifetime.
Description: Twitchy.
Geographical Range: Abundant in Britain, where bird enthusiasts abound and the term originates.
Status: Plentiful in Britain, scattered elsewhere.

9. The Scientist
   Subtype A) The Naturalist-Pacifist

(Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-1986-0912-310 / CC-BY-SA)

This type of ornithologist is an enthusiastic animal lover and peaceful bird watcher. Despite the need to collect specimens for research, The Naturalist will opt to use mist-netting or catch-and-release wherever possible. These individuals will patiently view the same bird for hours, regardless of whether it is their first or hundredth time seeing that particular species, much to the dismay of non-birding partners.
Description: Dorky safari-style clothes, binoculars, field guides always in hand.
Geographical Range: Abundant all over.
Status: Plentiful.
   

   Subtype B) The Collector-Gun Enthusiast 

(Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons) 

This guy (or gal, occasionally), is the opposite of the other Scientist type - an avid gun enthusiast who enjoys hunting in order to amass specimens for research collections. Often PhD students, research assistants or museum curatorial staff. (I should note that many collectors view hunting as a necessary evil, rather than a sport.)
Description: Identifiable by hunting rifle with small ammo in order to not damage specimens, camping gear.
Geographical Range: Abundant particularly near museums and research centers.
Status: Plentiful, especially in North America.









Okay, but on a more serious note: what insight might all these different profiles give us on birding, on the types of people it attracts and why? Well, my personal confession is that Listing appeals greatly to the Type A, anxious, over-achiever in me. I'll admit that while I lived in rural South Africa for a year, I got to the point where sometimes I'd drive 2 or 3 miles out of my way to see a nest of herons that I already knew was there, only to check it off my Daily Bird List (a clever way of making sure my Birder-Spouse read my emails!). There was something immensely satisfying about seeing all those little check marks in the back of my field guide, and something incredibly maddening about the empty boxes scattered among them (damn you, elusive Secretary Bird!) In contrast, I've met birders that care little for listing, instead reveling in the gorgeous feather colors that help them achieve that perfect photograph (try googling images for the Banded Pitta or Lilac Breasted Roller and you'll understand). The Naturalist immerses him or herself in the wonders that nature has to offer, while the Collector seems to enjoy the ability to not only watch nature, but perhaps even dominate it. All this is my way of saying that hobbies can be incredibly intriguing in their ability to reveal not just what we do, but what our activities say about who we are. These archetypes give us a potential window into the incredible diversity of what it means to be human, far beyond just those who watch birds. What makes some of us dog people and others squarely in the cat camp? Why do zoos hold such immense appeal for people of all ages worldwide? Anthropologists strive to understand and identify human cultural forms, such as religious rituals, child-rearing practices or kinship relations. How might the various birding subcultures contain within them new ways of examining the human experience and its relationship with the natural world?

Feel free to add more birder types in the Comments section!